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Hydrogen Testing

Established in 1956, Midwest Microlab, LLC, is equipped to provide rapid accurate organic microchemical analysis to research and industry. Specialties include analysis for Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, direct Oxygen, and halogens including Fluorine.

What is Hydrogen?

Hydrogen (Latin: 'hydrogenium', from Ancient Greek: hydro: "water" and genes: "forming") is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol H and atomic number 1. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, univalent, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas (H2). With an atomic mass of 1.00794 g/mol, hydrogen is the lightest element. It is also the most abundant, constituting roughly 75% of the universe's elemental matter.[1] Stars in their main sequence are overwhelmingly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. Elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth, and is industrially produced from hydrocarbons, after which most free hydrogen is used "captively" (meaning locally at the production site), with the largest markets about equally divided between fossil fuel upgrading (e.g. hydrocracking) and in ammonia production (mostly for the fertilizer market).

 

The most common naturally occurring isotope of hydrogen contains one electron and an atomic nucleus of one proton. In ionic compounds it can take on either a positive charge (becoming a cation, a bare proton) or a negative charge (becoming an anion known as a hydride). Hydrogen can form compounds with most elements and is present in water and all organic compounds. It plays a particularly important role in acid-base chemistry, in which many reactions involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. As the only element for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, study of the energetics and bonding of the hydrogen atom has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics.

  

Relative sites for Hydrogen:

 

Stoichiometry: Elemental Analysis

Elemental Analysis: Carbon and Hydrogen. Composition by Mass ... of elemental analysis is for carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN analysis).

 

JAIC 1994, Volume 33, Number 2, Article 8 (pp. 171 to 184)

The proportions of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen in the sample determined that ... The main advantage of organic elemental analysis is that it is readily ..

 

Combustion Analysis

... nitrogen is given as N2 or even as an amount of NH3 from a different analysis. ... g sample of a compound known to contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen undergoes ...

 

Theory

The technique of elemental analysis is a very old and well understood, though ... to determine any compound's relative percents of carbon hydrogen and nitrogen. .

 

hydrogenation of alkenes

The reaction of alkenes with hydrogen (hydrogenation), including the manufacture of margarine.

 

Hydrogenation of Alkenes

Please go back, you'll need to get Netscape 2.0 or Microsoft Internet Explorer beta3 and get the plug-in for Netscape or MSE. Copyright Karl Harrison 1996.

 

 

hydrogenation

Typical hydrogenation reactions include the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to form ... The hydrogenation of organic compounds (through addition and ...

 

Alkynes + H2

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION. Step 1: Hydrogen gets absorbed onto the metal surface. schematic diagram of catalytic hydrogenation of an alkyne ...

 

McGraw-Hill AccessScience: Hydrogenation

There are several types of hydrogenation reactions. They include (1) the addition of hydrogen to reactive molecules; (2) the incorporation of hydrogen ...

 

HydrogenDeficiency

... carbon is doubly bonded to the other and singly bonded to each of two hydrogen atoms. ... Elemental analysis indicates its molecular formula to be C10H16. ...

 

Elemental AnalysisOur Laboratory

Hydrogen Analysis & Techniques Used :

The method in use is an upgraded form of that originally researched in Switzerland and marketed by various firms in the US.  Fundamentally, the scheme involves combustion of a sample in ultra-pure oxygen at 990 deg C in a closed system. The products (gasses) are swept through copper to remove excess Oxygen and silver salts to remove halogens, phosphorus, and sulfur. Since the heat conductivity depends upon it’s composition, the mixture of remaining gasses is sensed.  The H2O is removed. Later the CO2 is removed and finally only N2 remains. Sensing is done after each removal.

The instrument is calibrated using various standards from the NIST.  Thus all three elements can be determined in one run from the same sample selection. Running one sample at a time enables us to check for inorganic residue post combustion.

Interferences are very few.  Very high fluorine levels (>60%) can cause high nitrogen results.  This can be circumvented. The optimal sample size depends upon theory. It is always best that the analyst knows all elements present (the molecular formula). If completely unknown, the operator will select about 2 mg for analysis. 

This equipment does well in the analysis of air-sensitive samples.  These samples are sealed under nitrogen (in a controlled atmosphere) in preweighed capsules.  After removal from the glove box, the capsule is reweighed and quickly inserted into the analyzer.  This “special handling” process can be done in less than 4 minutes thus minimizing any degradation of the sample.  There is a correction made for the increased nitrogen blank from the glove box gas.

The preceding is a brief description of the theory of operation for the CHN analysis system.  Please phone or e-mail if you have specific questions about your sample and this system.

Click here for CHN Analysis White PaperClick here for an article regarding CHN analysis in the 21 century. Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader

 

Established in 1956, Midwest Microlab, LLC, is equipped to provide rapid accurate organic microchemical analysis to research and industry. Specialties include analysis for Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, direct Oxygen, and halogens including Fluorine.